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Concepts
On-Chain
Anything recorded directly on the Bitcoin blockchain (the public ledger)
Definition
Data that lives on the Bitcoin blockchain itself: transactions, addresses, balances. Anyone can verify it independently with a Bitcoin node. The opposite of "off-chain" (Twitter rumours, exchange order-books, internal databases).
Context anchor
~947,000 blocks since 2009; every byte publicly downloadable from any Bitcoin node
Example
On-chain data: every Bitcoin transaction since 2009, publicly verifiable
Also known as
on-chainonchainon chain